{"id":17610,"date":"2023-01-13T08:40:25","date_gmt":"2023-01-13T07:40:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/knestel.de\/technology\/particle-measurement-technology\/"},"modified":"2026-03-16T12:00:52","modified_gmt":"2026-03-16T11:00:52","slug":"particle-measurement-technology","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/knestel.de\/en\/technology\/particle-measurement-technology\/","title":{"rendered":"Particle measurement technology"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"17610\" class=\"elementor elementor-17610 elementor-17575\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ba472aa elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle\" data-id=\"ba472aa\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0cb9fd6\" data-id=\"0cb9fd6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-96e7728 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"96e7728\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e408b92\" data-id=\"e408b92\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d1b900 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"3d1b900\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\"><div class=\"printfriendly pf-button  pf-aligncenter\">\n                    <a href=\"#\" rel=\"nofollow\" onclick=\"window.print(); pfTrackEvent(&#039;Particle measurement technology&#039;); return false;\" title=\"Printer Friendly, PDF & Email\">\n                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/knestel.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/KNESTEL_print-share-button.png\" alt=\"Print Friendly, PDF & Email\" class=\"pf-button-img\" style=\"width: 140px;\"  \/>\n                    <\/a>\n                <\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b47552 elementor-hidden-phone elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4b47552\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Particle measurement technology<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f8865a elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f8865a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Particle measurement technology<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c938de6 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c938de6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4be2273 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4be2273\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Particle counting - Diesel exhaust measurement - Particle measurement on diesel vehicles<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b019bc6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b019bc6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Our measurement modules for particle measurement are based on diffusion charging (DC) technology. This is a particle counter based on the diffusion charging principle. The Advanced DC measurement is a two-step process, which consists of the charging of aerosol particles in the first step and the downstream measurement of a current induced by the charged particles.<\/p>\n<p>The measurement principle is based on the accumulation of charge carriers on the particles. The formation of the charge carriers is realized by ionization by means of corona discharge. The gas ions attach themselves to the aerosol particles by diffusion. Thereby a particle size dependent electrical diffusion charging takes place. The charged particles induce an electric current in the sensor module, which can be measured.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6830571 elementor-widget elementor-widget-gallery\" data-id=\"6830571\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;gallery_layout&quot;:&quot;justified&quot;,&quot;lazyload&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;ideal_row_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:200,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;ideal_row_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:150,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;ideal_row_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:150,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;content_hover_animation&quot;:&quot;fade-in&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"gallery.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery__container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/knestel.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/PNCnano_inkl-beheizterSchlauch.png\" data-width=\"800\" data-height=\"600\" aria-label=\"Partikelmessger\u00e4t PNCnano Sonde \" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/knestel.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/PN_KNESTEL_AIP.jpg\" data-width=\"299\" data-height=\"307\" aria-label=\"KNESTEL Partikelz\u00e4hler zur Messung von Dieselabgas\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/knestel.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/DSC01584-1024x683.jpg\" data-width=\"800\" data-height=\"534\" aria-label=\"KNESTEL Partikelz\u00e4hler made in Germany\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/knestel.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/DSC01560-1024x683.jpg\" data-width=\"800\" data-height=\"534\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0f43a6d print-yes elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0f43a6d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a241824\" data-id=\"a241824\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-246abb1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"246abb1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span style=\"color:#E30613\">Technology<\/span><br>Info<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ac8812 elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"6ac8812\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-check\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Diffusion Charging (DC)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-check\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Contactless sensor technology (Faraday Cup)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-check\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">no consumable materials necessary<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-check\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Clean Charging Technology --&gt; no contamination of the corona needle <\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-check\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">No heated sample gas line required<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-check\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Automated condition monitoring<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5fd15ae\" data-id=\"5fd15ae\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-759e6ef elementor-hidden-phone elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"759e6ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Concepts<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ca2ab66 elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"ca2ab66\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-check\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">ready-to-use: prototype approved particle counter in portable housing incl. approved software -<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-check\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">customer-optimized: Functioning, tested sensor design Housing design according to customer requirements<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-check\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">modular: Functioning modular units for integration at our customers' sites<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section data-eae-particle=\"{\n  &quot;particles&quot;: {\n    &quot;number&quot;: {\n      &quot;value&quot;: 40,\n      &quot;density&quot;: {\n        &quot;enable&quot;: true,\n        &quot;value_area&quot;: 800\n      }\n    },\n    &quot;color&quot;: {\n      &quot;value&quot;: &quot;#54595F&quot;\n    },\n    &quot;shape&quot;: {\n      &quot;type&quot;: &quot;circle&quot;,\n      &quot;stroke&quot;: {\n        &quot;width&quot;: 0,\n        &quot;color&quot;: &quot;#C3C2C3&quot;\n      },\n      &quot;polygon&quot;: {\n        &quot;nb_sides&quot;: 5\n      },\n      &quot;image&quot;: {\n        &quot;src&quot;: &quot;img\/github.svg&quot;,\n        &quot;width&quot;: 100,\n        &quot;height&quot;: 100\n      }\n    },\n    &quot;opacity&quot;: {\n      &quot;value&quot;: 0.5,\n      &quot;random&quot;: false,\n      &quot;anim&quot;: {\n        &quot;enable&quot;: false,\n        &quot;speed&quot;: 1,\n        &quot;opacity_min&quot;: 0.1,\n        &quot;sync&quot;: false\n      }\n    },\n    &quot;size&quot;: {\n      &quot;value&quot;: 3,\n      &quot;random&quot;: true,\n      &quot;anim&quot;: {\n        &quot;enable&quot;: false,\n        &quot;speed&quot;: 30,\n        &quot;size_min&quot;: 0.1,\n        &quot;sync&quot;: false\n      }\n    },\n    &quot;line_linked&quot;: {\n      &quot;enable&quot;: true,\n      &quot;distance&quot;: 150,\n      &quot;color&quot;: &quot;#54595F&quot;,\n      &quot;opacity&quot;: 0.4,\n      &quot;width&quot;: 2\n    },\n    &quot;move&quot;: {\n      &quot;enable&quot;: true,\n      &quot;speed&quot;: 3,\n      &quot;direction&quot;: &quot;none&quot;,\n      &quot;random&quot;: false,\n      &quot;straight&quot;: false,\n      &quot;out_mode&quot;: &quot;out&quot;,\n      &quot;bounce&quot;: false,\n      &quot;attract&quot;: {\n        &quot;enable&quot;: false,\n        &quot;rotateX&quot;: 600,\n        &quot;rotateY&quot;: 1200\n      }\n    }\n  },\n  &quot;interactivity&quot;: {\n    &quot;detect_on&quot;: &quot;canvas&quot;,\n    &quot;events&quot;: {\n      &quot;onhover&quot;: {\n        &quot;enable&quot;: true,\n        &quot;mode&quot;: &quot;repulse&quot;\n      },\n      &quot;onclick&quot;: {\n        &quot;enable&quot;: true,\n        &quot;mode&quot;: &quot;push&quot;\n      },\n      &quot;resize&quot;: true\n    },\n    &quot;modes&quot;: {\n      &quot;grab&quot;: {\n        &quot;distance&quot;: 400,\n        &quot;line_linked&quot;: {\n          &quot;opacity&quot;: 1\n        }\n      },\n      &quot;bubble&quot;: {\n        &quot;distance&quot;: 400,\n        &quot;size&quot;: 40,\n        &quot;duration&quot;: 2,\n        &quot;opacity&quot;: 8,\n        &quot;speed&quot;: 3\n      },\n      &quot;repulse&quot;: {\n        &quot;distance&quot;: 200,\n        &quot;duration&quot;: 0.4\n      },\n      &quot;push&quot;: {\n        &quot;particles_nb&quot;: 4\n      },\n      &quot;remove&quot;: {\n        &quot;particles_nb&quot;: 2\n      }\n    }\n  },\n  &quot;retina_detect&quot;: true\n}\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d0799a3 eae-particle-yes elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d0799a3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4fb8d14\" data-id=\"4fb8d14\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-82136f4 elementor-hidden-phone elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"82136f4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Fields of application<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4f81648 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4f81648\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Areas of <\/br> application<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-619eefa elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"619eefa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-check\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Particle counter for exhaust emission testing in Germany<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-check\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Particle counters for PTI (periodical technical inspection) in other countries (e.g. Netherlands, Spain, Switzerland, Austria, South Korea, China, Israel, Japan, Chile, Mexico ...)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-check\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Reference calibrator for the calibration of particle counters<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-check\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Particle counter for gasoline engines<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-check\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Test benches <\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-check\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Mobile measurements<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1a17a92 print-yes elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1a17a92\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc004b8\" data-id=\"dc004b8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-41c9408 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"41c9408\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Realized projects<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c9a8b43 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c9a8b43\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-75293c3 elementor-posts--thumbnail-none elementor-grid-4 elementor-grid-tablet-2 elementor-grid-mobile-1 elementor-card-shadow-yes elementor-posts__hover-gradient elementor-widget elementor-widget-posts\" data-id=\"75293c3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;pagination_type&quot;:&quot;numbers_and_prev_next&quot;,&quot;cards_columns&quot;:&quot;4&quot;,&quot;cards_columns_tablet&quot;:&quot;2&quot;,&quot;cards_columns_mobile&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;cards_row_gap&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:35,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;cards_row_gap_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;cards_row_gap_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"posts.cards\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-posts-container elementor-posts elementor-posts--skin-cards elementor-grid\" role=\"list\">\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-15395 page type-page status-publish hentry\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__card\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/knestel.de\/en\/solutions\/particle-measurement-technology\/modules-particle-measurement\/\" >\n\t\t\t\tModules particle measurement\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/knestel.de\/en\/solutions\/particle-measurement-technology\/modules-particle-measurement\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Modules particle measurement\" tabindex=\"-1\" >\n\t\t\tRead more  \ud83e\udc62\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-17729 page type-page status-publish hentry\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__card\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/knestel.de\/en\/solutions\/particle-measurement-technology\/particle-counter\/\" >\n\t\t\t\tParticle counter\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/knestel.de\/en\/solutions\/particle-measurement-technology\/particle-counter\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Particle counter\" tabindex=\"-1\" >\n\t\t\tRead more  \ud83e\udc62\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-22920 page type-page status-publish hentry\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__card\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/knestel.de\/en\/solutions\/particle-measurement-technology\/pn-reference-calibrator-2000-k\/\" >\n\t\t\t\tPN Reference Calibrator 2000 K\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/knestel.de\/en\/solutions\/particle-measurement-technology\/pn-reference-calibrator-2000-k\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about PN Reference Calibrator 2000 K\" tabindex=\"-1\" >\n\t\t\tRead more  \ud83e\udc62\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a054d78 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"a054d78\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bd4c782 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bd4c782\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Why measure particles in diesel exhaust gases?<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dddc9cb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dddc9cb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li data-start=\"997\" data-end=\"1211\">\n<p data-start=\"999\" data-end=\"1211\"><strong data-start=\"999\" data-end=\"1034\"> Legal requirements &amp;  PTI<\/strong>: <strong data-start=\"1040\" data-end=\"1082\">Particle measurement (PN) in diesel exhaust gases<\/strong> is increasingly being integrated into regular testing procedures. The aim is to reliably detect defective or manipulated particle filters.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1212\" data-end=\"1379\">\n<p data-start=\"1214\" data-end=\"1379\"><strong data-start=\"1214\" data-end=\"1237\">Health &amp; environment<\/strong>: Ultrafine particles penetrate deep into the lungs. Precise <strong data-start=\"1303\" data-end=\"1322\">particle counting<\/strong> supports emission reduction and air quality targets.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1380\" data-end=\"1532\">\n<p data-start=\"1382\" data-end=\"1532\"><strong data-start=\"1382\" data-end=\"1414\"> Safety &amp; reliability<\/strong>: Modern <strong data-start=\"1424\" data-end=\"1446\">particle measuring devices<\/strong> deliver reproducible results \u2013 even at very low particle concentrations.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4f14ead elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4f14ead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">FAQ on particle counters<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7666a1a elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"7666a1a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;expanded&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1240\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" open>\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1240\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Which vehicles are affected by particle measurement?  <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1240\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d0f5ac9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d0f5ac9\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a1c50e6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a1c50e6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>All diesel cars with particulate filters from Euro 6d (approximately from 2021) are subject to particle count measurement during the emissions test. In future, petrol cars with direct injection could also be covered \u2013 corresponding pilot projects are already underway.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1241\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"2\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1241\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> What is the KNESTEL Particle Counter PNC nano?  <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1241\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff0f7d1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ff0f7d1\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d81882 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2d81882\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The PNC\u202fnano is a ready-to-use diesel exhaust particle counter leveraging Clean Charging Technology and Faraday Cup contactless detection. It complies with PTB\u2011A certification standards and is type\u2011tested in Germany (PTB) and the Netherlands (NMI). The PNC nano is a precise particle measuring device used in exhaust gas testing. Further information can be found <a href=\"https:\/\/knestel.de\/en\/solutions\/particle-measurement-technology\/particle-counter\/\">here<\/a>.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1242\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"3\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1242\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> What is the \u201cModules\u2011in\u2011Flow\u201d system?  <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1242\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-03115df e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"03115df\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-39502ff elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"39502ff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>An assembly of functional sensor modules (e.g. charging unit, ion\/particle separator, sensor Faraday Cup, Volatile Particle Remover). Customers can build their own housing around this proven, tested sensor structure and connect via RS\u2011232 (CAN available on request). Further information can be found <a href=\"https:\/\/knestel.de\/en\/solutions\/particle-measurement-technology\/modules-particle-measurement\/\">here<\/a>.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1243\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"4\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1243\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> What is the PNR\u202f1000\u202fK Reference Calibrator?  <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1243\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-309c7ae e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"309c7ae\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ef117ca elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ef117ca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A portable, market-ready calibrator combining a stable salt (NaCl) generator and a reference particle counter in one unit. It supports on-site calibration of multiple PN devices, ensuring traceability (EN\u202f17025) and compliance with German AU calibration regulations effective since January\u202f1,\u202f2023. Further information can be found <a href=\"https:\/\/knestel.de\/en\/solutions\/particle-measurement-technology\/pn-reference-calibrator\/\">here<\/a>.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1244\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"5\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1244\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> How does the particle counting technology work?  <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1244\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c09e518 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c09e518\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f7bf591 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f7bf591\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The system employs <strong>diffusion charging (DC)<\/strong>: aerosol particles are ionized via corona discharge, then charged through diffusion. The charged particles induce an electrical current in the Faraday Cup sensor module, which is measured\u2014without consumables or sample gas heating. This enables precise particle counting without the need for emission tester with moving parts.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1245\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"6\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1245\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Is particle measurement mandatory for diesel vehicles?  <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1245\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-029b592 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"029b592\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e0b894 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7e0b894\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Many markets are gradually introducing <strong data-start=\"4135\" data-end=\"4149\">PN measurement<\/strong> or have already integrated it. Concrete requirements are regulated on a country-specific basis. In Germany, particle measurement is already part of the exhaust emission test (AU) carried out as part of the general inspection (HU).<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1246\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"7\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1246\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> In which applications is the particle counter suitable? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1246\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f196870 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f196870\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11638bc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11638bc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>Vehicle exhaust emission testing (e.g. PTI compliance)<\/li>\n<li>Development of DPF and SCR systems<\/li>\n<li>End\u2011of\u2011line and endurance testing<\/li>\n<li>PEMS and mobile emission measurement<\/li>\n<li>Engine\/filter\/fuel research and industrial laboratories<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1247\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"8\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1247\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> What does a particle counter measure in diesel exhaust gases?  <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1247\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9c46f39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9c46f39\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a4d9d4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6a4d9d4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A particle counter records the <strong data-start=\"3602\" data-end=\"3638\">number of ultra-fine particles (PN)<\/strong> in the exhaust gas \u2013 not the mass. This is particularly effective in detecting defective or manipulated particulate filters.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1248\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"9\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1248\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Can I integrate the particle counter into an existing testing system?  <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1248\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1b902bf e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1b902bf\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1248\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b764ef6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b764ef6\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93864e3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"93864e3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yes \u2013 we also offer our systems as OEM modules with standardized interfaces (CAN, Modbus, analogue). This means that particle measurement can be easily integrated into existing test benches, software solutions or test devices.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1249\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"10\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1249\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> What are the key advantages of the PNC\u202fnano system?  <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1249\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b14dcb5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b14dcb5\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-204512b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"204512b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>No consumables needed\u2014no maintenance-intensive fluids.<\/li>\n<li>Contactless sensing avoids wear and nozzle contamination.<\/li>\n<li>Modular design ensures simple cleaning and speedy repairs.<\/li>\n<li>Certified according to PTB\u2011A for EU-wide use.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Das PNC nano ist ein \u00e4u\u00dferst zuverl\u00e4ssiges Abgasger\u00e4t, dass bei der Partikelmessung und Abgasuntersuchung eine pr\u00e4zise und kosteng\u00fcnstige L\u00f6sung bietet.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-12410\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"11\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-12410\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Why is particle number (PN) measurement important in emissions testing?  <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-12410\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c7ce72 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c7ce72\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0be2d38 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0be2d38\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li><strong>Legal compliance:<\/strong> Diesel vehicles from Euro\u202f6d (circa 2021) are now subject to PN measurement in emissions testing; petrol direct-injection vehicles are being piloted for future inclusion.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Health &#038; environmental impact:<\/strong> Ultrafeine particles are harmful. Accurate PN measurement helps support air quality and emission reduction goals.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Reliability &#038; safety:<\/strong> Highly reproducible measurements\u2014even at low particle concentrations\u2014enhance system reliability und increase the efficiency of vehicle testing.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-12411\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"12\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-12411\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> What support does KNESTEL offer beyond products?  <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-12411\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-74fa891 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"74fa891\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-acda9f8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"acda9f8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Full-service support includes: initial consulting, OEM customization, integration services, software for guidelines compliance, white papers, user manuals, FAQs, and ongoing maintenance advice. We help you to effectively integrate the particle counter into your exhaust gas tests and investigations.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Which vehicles are affected by particle measurement?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"All diesel cars with particulate filters from Euro 6d (approximately from 2021) are subject to particle count measurement during the emissions test. In future, petrol cars with direct injection could also be covered \\u2013 corresponding pilot projects are already underway.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What is the KNESTEL Particle Counter PNC nano?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"The PNC\\u202fnano is a ready-to-use diesel exhaust particle counter leveraging Clean Charging Technology and Faraday Cup contactless detection. It complies with PTB\\u2011A certification standards and is type\\u2011tested in Germany (PTB) and the Netherlands (NMI). The PNC nano is a precise particle measuring device used in exhaust gas testing. Further information can be found here.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What is the \\u201cModules\\u2011in\\u2011Flow\\u201d system?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"An assembly of functional sensor modules (e.g. charging unit, ion\\\/particle separator, sensor Faraday Cup, Volatile Particle Remover). Customers can build their own housing around this proven, tested sensor structure and connect via RS\\u2011232 (CAN available on request). Further information can be found here.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What is the PNR\\u202f1000\\u202fK Reference Calibrator?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"A portable, market-ready calibrator combining a stable salt (NaCl) generator and a reference particle counter in one unit. It supports on-site calibration of multiple PN devices, ensuring traceability (EN\\u202f17025) and compliance with German AU calibration regulations effective since January\\u202f1,\\u202f2023. Further information can be found here.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"How does the particle counting technology work?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"The system employs diffusion charging (DC): aerosol particles are ionized via corona discharge, then charged through diffusion. The charged particles induce an electrical current in the Faraday Cup sensor module, which is measured\\u2014without consumables or sample gas heating. This enables precise particle counting without the need for emission tester with moving parts.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Is particle measurement mandatory for diesel vehicles?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Many markets are gradually introducing PN measurement or have already integrated it. Concrete requirements are regulated on a country-specific basis. In Germany, particle measurement is already part of the exhaust emission test (AU) carried out as part of the general inspection (HU).\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"In which applications is the particle counter suitable?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Vehicle exhaust emission testing (e.g. PTI compliance)\\nDevelopment of DPF and SCR systems\\nEnd\\u2011of\\u2011line and endurance testing\\nPEMS and mobile emission measurement\\nEngine\\\/filter\\\/fuel research and industrial laboratories\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What does a particle counter measure in diesel exhaust gases?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"A particle counter records the number of ultra-fine particles (PN) in the exhaust gas \\u2013 not the mass. This is particularly effective in detecting defective or manipulated particulate filters.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Can I integrate the particle counter into an existing testing system?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Yes \\u2013 we also offer our systems as OEM modules with standardized interfaces (CAN, Modbus, analogue). This means that particle measurement can be easily integrated into existing test benches, software solutions or test devices.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What are the key advantages of the PNC\\u202fnano system?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"No consumables needed\\u2014no maintenance-intensive fluids.\\nContactless sensing avoids wear and nozzle contamination.\\nModular design ensures simple cleaning and speedy repairs.\\nCertified according to PTB\\u2011A for EU-wide use.\\n\\nDas PNC nano ist ein \\u00e4u\\u00dferst zuverl\\u00e4ssiges Abgasger\\u00e4t, dass bei der Partikelmessung und Abgasuntersuchung eine pr\\u00e4zise und kosteng\\u00fcnstige L\\u00f6sung bietet.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Why is particle number (PN) measurement important in emissions testing?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Legal compliance: Diesel vehicles from Euro\\u202f6d (circa 2021) are now subject to PN measurement in emissions testing; petrol direct-injection vehicles are being piloted for future inclusion.\\nHealth &#038; environmental impact: Ultrafeine particles are harmful. Accurate PN measurement helps support air quality and emission reduction goals.\\nReliability &#038; safety: Highly reproducible measurements\\u2014even at low particle concentrations\\u2014enhance system reliability und increase the efficiency of vehicle testing.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What support does KNESTEL offer beyond products?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Full-service support includes: initial consulting, OEM customization, integration services, software for guidelines compliance, white papers, user manuals, FAQs, and ongoing maintenance advice. We help you to effectively integrate the particle counter into your exhaust gas tests and investigations.\"}}]}<\/script>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"parent":1283,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-17610","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/knestel.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17610","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/knestel.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/knestel.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/knestel.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/knestel.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17610"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/knestel.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17610\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":22935,"href":"https:\/\/knestel.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17610\/revisions\/22935"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/knestel.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1283"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/knestel.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17610"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}