{"id":24412,"date":"2026-07-22T10:37:34","date_gmt":"2026-07-22T08:37:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/knestel.de\/knestronx\/topologies\/"},"modified":"2026-11-05T11:50:22","modified_gmt":"2026-11-05T10:50:22","slug":"topologies","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/knestel.de\/en\/knestronx\/topologies\/","title":{"rendered":"Topologies"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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knestronX HPDC \u00b7 Topologies<\/p>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t

The right topology for your application<\/h1>\n\t\t\t\t\t

The requirements of your application determine which degrees of freedom your power electronics must offer, from voltage adaptation to bidirectional energy flow. Whether battery test system, smart grid, electrolysis or megawatt charging, the requirements for modern  high-power electronics differ considerably.<\/p>\n\t\t

\n \t\t\t\n\tRequest a quote\n<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\tTo the HPDC platform\n<\/a>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n
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What matters is not only the power, but above all:<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t

Does energy need to flow bidirectionally?<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t

Is galvanic isolation required?<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t

Is a buck converter sufficient?<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t

Does the voltage need to be stepped up and down flexibly?<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t

Are series or parallel connections required?<\/p>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<\/section>\n

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Technical decision process<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t

Three steps to the right topology<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t

The knestronX Rack allows different topologies to be selected and combined, matched to the degrees of freedom of your application.<\/p>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n

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\n \t\t\t1<\/span>\n\t\t
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Step 1<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t

2Q or 4Q?<\/h3>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n
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2-quadrant<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t

Bidirectional current
Voltage in one range only<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t

Ua < Ue<\/p>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n

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4-quadrant<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t

Current and voltage fully controllable
Step-up and step-down possible<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t

Ua \u2264 \u2265 Ue<\/p>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t

Suitable for<\/p>\n\t\t

\n \t\t\tBattery test systems<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\tBattery simulation<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\tSimulation of electric drive components<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\tFuel cell test systems<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\tEnergy conversion<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\tCharging\/discharging processes<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\tMegawatt Charging (MCS)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\tElectrolysis systems<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\tShort-circuit test systems<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\tSmart grids<\/span>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\"\"\/\t\t\n<\/div>\n
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Step 2<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t

Galvanic isolation required?<\/h3>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t

Galvanic isolation is required when:<\/p>\n\t\t

\n \t\t\tdifferent ground potentials are present<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\tsafety requirements increase<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\toutputs must be connected in series<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\tsensitive test environments are operated<\/span>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n
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With galvanic isolation<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t

BRW is required.<\/strong>
Input voltage above 800 VDC: Balancer required
Input voltage below 800 VDC: no Balancer<\/p>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n

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Without galvanic isolation<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t

Direct TSB\/H-bridge solution possible<\/p>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n

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Step 3<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t

Which voltage range is required?<\/h3>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t

Input voltage range<\/p>\n\t\t

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Up to 800 VDC<\/p>\n\t\t

\n \t\t\tStandard version<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\tno Balancer required<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\tcompact design<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\thigh currents possible<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\treduced complexity<\/span>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n
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800\u20131500 VDC<\/p>\n\t\t

\n \t\t\tBalancer required<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\thigher power density<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\tlower currents<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\tadditional degrees of freedom<\/span>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t

Output voltage range<\/p>\n\t\t

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Up to 800 VDC<\/p>\n\t\t

\n \t\t\tParallel connection of outputs possible<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\thigher currents possible<\/span>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n
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800\u20131500 VDC<\/p>\n\t\t

\n \t\t\tseries connection of outputs and BRW required<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\tfull power range<\/span>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n
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We support you in the decision process.<\/strong> You know your application, we define the right topology.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\tRequest a quote\n<\/a>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<\/section>\n

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Topologies at a glance<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t

Five topologies from one modular kit<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t

All topologies are built from the same building blocks in the knestronX Rack. Which blocks are added depends on isolation and voltage range.<\/p>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n

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Modular kit of the knestronX Rack<\/p>\n\t\t

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\n \t\t\tUe<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\tDC input<\/span>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n
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\n \t\t\tBalancer<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\toptional, input > 800 VDC<\/span>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n
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\n \t\t\tBRW<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t(Bidirectional resonant converter)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\toptional, galvanic isolation<\/span>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n
\n \n<\/div>\n
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\n \t\t\t2L - TSB<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\tBuck converter<\/span>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n\t\t\tor<\/span>\n\t\t
\n \t\t\tH2L bridge<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\tStep-up and step-down<\/span>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n
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\n \t\t\tUa<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\tDC output<\/span>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n
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\n \n<\/div>\n\t\t\toptional block<\/span>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n
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\n \n<\/div>\n\t\t\tConverter stage, always included<\/span>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n
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2L - TSB<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t

High currents and robust DC\/DC applications<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t

Voltage behavior:<\/strong> Ua < Ue (buck converter)
Isolation:<\/strong> no
Quadrants:<\/strong> 2Q<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t

Umax = 800 V \/ Imax = 700 A<\/p>\n\t\t\n<\/article>\n

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\n \t\t\t\"\"\/\t<\/a>\t\t\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t

H2L bridge<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t

Simulation and dynamic test systems<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t

Voltage behavior:<\/strong> Ua \u2264 \u2265 Ue (step-up and step-down)
Isolation:<\/strong> optional
Quadrants:<\/strong> 4Q<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t

Umax = 800 V \/ Imax = 350 A<\/p>\n\t\t\n<\/article>\n

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\n \t\t\t\"\"\/\t<\/a>\t\t\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t

BRW + 2L - TSB<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t

Battery test systems & smart grids<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t

Voltage behavior:<\/strong> parallel Ua < Ue | series Ua < 2 \u00d7 Ue
Isolation:<\/strong> yes
Quadrants:<\/strong> 4Q<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t

parallel: Umax = 800 V \/ Imax = 700 A
series: Umax = 1500 V \/ Imax = 350 A<\/p>\n\t\t\n<\/article>\n

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\n \t\t\t\"\"\/\t<\/a>\t\t\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t

Balancer + BRW + 2L - TSB<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t

MCS, electrolysis & high-voltage systems<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t

Voltage behavior:<\/strong> parallel Ua < \u00bd \u00d7 Ue | series Ua < Ue
Isolation:<\/strong> yes
Quadrants:<\/strong> 4Q<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t

parallel: Umax = 750 V \/ Imax = 700 A
series: Umax = 1500 V \/ Imax = 350 A<\/p>\n\t\t\n<\/article>\n

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\n \t\t\t\"\"\/\t<\/a>\t\t\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t

Balancer + BRW + H2L bridge<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t

Battery simulation and fuel cell test systems<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t

Voltage behavior:<\/strong> Ua \u2264 \u2265 Ue
Isolation:<\/strong> yes
Quadrants:<\/strong> 4Q<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t

Umax = 750 V \/ Imax = 350 A<\/p>\n\t\t\n<\/article>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t

Click the circuit diagram to view it in full size.<\/p>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n\n<\/section>\n

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Contact<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t

Rethinking power electronics?<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t

Tell us your application, power, and voltage range. We will propose the right platform and configuration.<\/p>\n\t\t

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